The selection first offers information on theories and research on anxiety and the nature and measurement of anxiety. A score of 12 or below ranks in the lowtest anxiety range. Reiss equates spielbergers definition of trait anxiety with neuroticism, which is an oversimplification, and reiss also states that spielbergers conceptualization of state and trait anxiety is not based on observables. Anxiety is a term used to describe a normal feeling people experience when faced with threat, danger, or when stressed. The stai is a frequently used instrument to measure temporary or state anxiety with respect to threatening demands and chronic or trait anxiety, which is defined as an individual response in the anticipation of threatening situations. N2 anxiety is a common experience for mechanically ventilated patients. When people become anxious, they typically feel upset, uncomfortable, and tense. The trait anxiety scale consists of 20 statements that ask the respondents to describe how they generally feel 3.
The participants included 300 sampled through spielberger test anxiety questionnaire and clinical interview. Statetrait anxiety inventory for adults mental health solutions. Development of a shortened state anxiety scale from the. This study analyzed the appropriateness of a shortened version of the state subscale of the. Anxiety was defined by freud as something felt, an emotional state that included feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, and worry accompanied by. Reliability and validity of the spielberger statetrait. It contains 20 items to assess state anxiety and another 20 items to measure trait anxiety. Application of the spielberger traitstate anxiety theory and stai in precompetition anxiety research. Anger scale, hostility scale, spielberger anger expression scale psychology a device that measures a pts levels of hostilityanger suppression and expression. See validation items are all scored positive, making it the scale easy to score but also vulnerable to left and right response bias. According to spielberger, gonzalez, taylor, algaze, and anton 1978, the development of tai was based on two goals. Each stai item is given a weighted score of 1 to 4. Based on a likert scale, the respondents are asked to report how frequently they experience specific symptoms.
The total number of true checks is your test anxiety score. Stressful athletic environments regular season and playoffs did not, as has generally been believed, differentially affect the state anxiety of both groups of subjects. The researchers have suggested various means to minimize test anxiety with managing external factors like environment of examination hall. Based on a likert scale, the respondents are asked to report how frequently they experience specific symptoms of anxiety before, during and after examinations. Support for the reliability and validity of a sixitem state anxiety. The scale has been translated into numerous languages and its overall factor structure has been examined in a variety of samples. The stai, or statetrait anxiety inventory stai is an instrument that quantifies adult anxiety a childrens version is also available. This low level of stability for the state anxiety scale is expected since responses to the items on this scale are thought to reflect the influence of whatever transient situational factors exist at the time of testing. Spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory springerlink. After determining the prevalence, 30 people who had high anxiety scores were randomly classified into two 15subject groups in experimental group and control group.
The statetrait anxiety inventory stai, speilberger et al. Spielberger does not differentiate between anxiety and fear. Anxiety disorders are said to be universal across all cultures and recent. Despite the statetrait anxiety inventory being the most researched of anxiety. Beck anxiety inventory below is a list of common symptoms of anxiety.
Spielbergers statetrait anxiety inventory stai, statetrait anxiety inventory for children staic, test anxiety inventory tai, or lifestyle defense mechanism ldm, please contact the publisher, mind garden. Article information, pdf download for psychometric properties of the statetrait anxiety. S anxiety, like kinetic energy, refers to a palpable reaction or process taking place at a given time and level of intensity. The 17item revised version of the cognitive test anxiety scale. Measuring epistemic curiosity and its diversive and specific. State trait anxiety inventory advanced assessments ltd. Spielberger scale definition of spielberger scale by. Psychometric study of the statetrait anxiety inventory. The test anxiety inventory tai, a selfreport psychometric scale, was developed to measure individual differences in test anxiety as a situationspecific trait. The development of a sixitem shortform of the state scale. The content of this article is only available as a pdf.
T anxiety, like potential energy, refers to individual differences in reactions. The short version is the version most commonly used for clinical purposes with the long version being for specific research purposes with subscales being available. The stai interchangeability rating related anxiety instruments was. State trait anxiety inventory expert witness london. Anxiety and behavior paperback january 1, 1966 by charles d. According to studies by spielberger 1970, testretest correlations were calculated to be. Spielberger state trait anxiety scale listed as sstas. Based on the same theory as the statetrait anxiety inventory for adults stai, the staich distinguishes between a general proneness to anxious behaviour rooted in the personality and anxiety as a fleeting emotional state. Correlations of the tanxiety scale with other trait anxiety measures. The development of a sixitem shortform of the state scale of the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai. The stai measures two types of anxiety state anxiety, or anxiety about an event, and trait anxiety, or anxiety level as a personal characteristic.
Pdf stai spielberger state trait anxiety inventory free. T1 development of a shortened state anxiety scale from the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai for patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support. Statetrait anxiety inventory stai statistics solutions. Scale changes are found to be closely related to grade changes, suggesting that the scale is a sensitive register of anxiety impairments.
Manual for the statetrait anxiety inventory form y. Pdf a frenchcanadian adaptation of the revised version of. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai is a psychological inventory based on a 4point likert scale and consists of 40 questions on a selfreport basis. Relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement 64 achievement in an environment fair enough to let them demonstrate their abilities to the fullest. Pdf manual for the statetrait anxiety inventory form y1 y2.
Items 1, 5, 9, 10, 12 and 20 from the original scale are the most relevant for the spanish patients receiving imv and 5 of these are included in the short version of the scale 83. Application of the spielberger traitstate anxiety theory and. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. This low level of stability for the stateanxiety scale is expected since responses to the items on this scale are thought to reflect the influence of whatever transient situational factors exist at the time of testing. Feelings of anxiety can be a result of life experiences, such as job loss, relationship breakdown, serious illness. Psychometric properties of the statetrait anxiety inventory for asian. Study design and methods stai state questionnaire data were collected from two. The study participants also responded to the trait anxiety, anger, depression, and curi osity scales of the statetrait personality inventory stpi. Spielberger developed the stai in the context of his experimental work on the links. Greater trait anxiety and cognitive anxiety were associated with lower rsa, reflecting decreased parasympathetic activity.
Content validity of the short version of the subscale of the. Then, data were analyzed by spss at two levels descriptive and. The shortened version of the spielberger state anxiety inventory generally had good psychometric properties. These goals were construction of a brief and selfreport scale and the employment of factor analytic. To measure anxiety researchers used the spielberger trait. Anxiety, depressive symptoms, and cardiac autonomic function. State and trait anxiety are analogous in certain respects to kinetic and potential energy. Sanxiety, like kinetic energy, refers to a palpable reaction or process taking place at a given time and level of intensity. A frenchcanadian adaptation of the revised version of spielbergers statetrait anxiety inventory. Spielberger editor see all 4 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Tanxiety, like potential energy, refers to individual differences in reactions. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Kings college london health anxiety questionnaires.
High trait subjects exhibited significantly higher elevations in state anxiety than low trait subjects which was in agreement with spielbergers traitstate anxiety theory. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai is one of the most longstanding and frequently used measures of anxiety, appearing in over 3000 studies spielberger, 1989. The week version is, of course, more sensitive to treatment changes and is used as a treatment outcome measure. Jan 30, 2010 anxiety was defined by freud as something felt, an emotional state that included feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, and worry accompanied by physiological arousal. Existing selfreport measures of anxiety such as the. The state anxiety scale consists of 20 statements to indicate how the respondents feel at a particular moment in time. To measure anxiety researchers used the spielberger trait anxiety form staf from psychology 1 at department of psychology.
The short scale has shown adequate content validity for spanish patients receiving imv. Some norms and reliability data for the statetrait anxiety inventory. This particular instrument is used to simplify the separation between state anxiety and trait anxiety, feelings of anxiety and depression. Support for the reliability and validity of a sixitem state anxiety scale derived from. If that is your score, the changes are you wouldnt be looking at this book. State anxiety scale from the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai for. Anxiety and behavior focuses on the analysis of factors and conditions that contribute to anxiety, including stress, emotional disturbance, and psychosomatic disorders. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three dass21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. Spielberger state trait anxiety scale how is spielberger. High trait subjects exhibited significantly higher elevations in state anxiety than low trait subjects which was in agreement with spielberger s traitstate anxiety theory. Klavora, peter changes in precompetition state anxiety of junior and senior high school football and basketball players were studied as a function of trait anxiety of these athletes and three experimental athletic environments characterized. The statetrait anxiety inventory form y is the definitive instrument for measuring anxiety in adults.